Bluffton, South Carolina, a town now known for its serene beauty and Lowcountry charm, holds a hidden scar within its history. In June 1863, during the throes of the American Civil War, Union forces descended upon Bluffton, leading to a pivotal event – the burning of the town.
A Hotbed of Secession:
Leading up to the Civil War, Bluffton played a significant role in the South’s secession movement. The town served as the meeting place for the Bluffton Movement in 1844, a pivotal gathering that galvanized support for South Carolina’s separation from the Union. This act of defiance cemented Bluffton’s reputation as a stronghold of Southern sympathizers.
The Looming Raid:
By 1863, the Union Navy controlled the waters surrounding Bluffton. Union General David Hunter, known for his abolitionist views, saw an opportunity to strike a blow against the Confederacy and disrupt its economy. His target: Bluffton, a hub for cotton production and a symbol of Southern defiance.
A Swift Attack and Devastating Fire:
On June 4th, 1863, Union troops under Colonel William Barton landed near Bluffton. Confederate forces, vastly outnumbered, quickly retreated. With minimal resistance, the Union soldiers occupied the town. Following General Hunter’s orders, they set fire to most of Bluffton’s buildings. The flames spread rapidly, consuming homes, businesses, and public buildings. The historic “Secession Oak,” under which the call for secession was made, was reportedly spared.
The Aftermath and Legacy:
The burning of Bluffton was a devastating blow for the town. Many residents lost their homes and livelihoods. The event became a symbol of the brutality of the Civil War, where civilian populations often bore the brunt of the conflict.
A Town Rebuilt:
Following the war, Bluffton slowly rebuilt itself. While the scars of the burning remained, the town persevered. Today, Bluffton thrives as a tourist destination and a growing community. However, the memory of that fateful day in 1863 serves as a reminder of the town’s resilience and the high cost of war.
Further Exploration:
If you’re interested in learning more about the burning of Bluffton, here are some resources:
- The Bluffton Library: The local library likely has historical resources on the Civil War’s impact on Bluffton.
- The Lowcountry Civil War Roundtable: This organization offers lectures and events related to the Civil War in the Lowcountry. You can find their website through a web search.
- The Book: “The Bluffton Expedition: The Burning of Bluffton, South Carolina, During the Civil War” by Jeff Fulgham: This book provides a detailed account of the event.
The burning of Bluffton remains a significant chapter in the town’s history. Understanding this event offers a deeper appreciation for Bluffton’s resilience and the enduring spirit of its people.